ACTIVE - PASSIVE VOICE (Tugas 2)
ACTIVE - PASSIVE VOICE
Kata kerja transitif mempunyai dua voice (ragam gramatikal), aktif dan pasif.
Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya berbuat sesuatau atau melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah kata kerjanya selalu berawalan “me-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ber-“.
PASSIVE: Tina is helped by Jane. (Artinya: Tina ditolong oleh Jane)
Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya dikenai suatu pekerjaan atau menderita suatu. Dengan kata lain subject kalimat tersebut menjadi sasaran kegiatan yang dinyatakan oleh kata kerja. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri kalimat pasif adalah kata kerjanya yang berawalan dengan “di-“ dan beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ter-“ (tergantung pada konteks kalimat).
ACTIVE: Jane helps Tina. (Artinya: Jane menolong Tina)
Bentuk dari Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah : TO BE / BE + VERB 3
Dalam bentuk kalimat pasif, biasanya diikuti dengan frase “by”.
Object Tak Langsung Sebagai Subject Pasif
Contoh:
ACTIVE: Someone gave Mrs. Grim an award.
PASSIVE: Mrs. Grim was given an award by someone.
ACTIVE: Someone gave an award to Mrs. Grim.
PASSIVE: An award was given to Mrs. Grim.
Simple Present
Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
Simple Past
Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
ACTIVE/PASSIVE
Example:
Active : She watered this plant this morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
Present Continuous
Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
Active : She will have been watering this plant.
Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
Active : She would be watering this plant.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Past Continuous
Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
Active : She was watering this plant.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
Present Perfect
Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
Past Perfect
Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
Rumus Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif) Menggunakan Modal Auxiliaries
Jika pada suatu kalimat terdapat Modal Auxiliaries, maka rumus bentuk pasifnya adalah:
Pada kalimat positif | MODAL + be + VERB 3 |
Pada kalimat negatif | MODAL + NOT + be + VERB 3 |
Pada bentuk lampau kalimat pasif | MODAL + have been + VERB 3 |
Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif) Dengan Menggunakan Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries and Similar Expression | Contoh Passive Voice (Kalimat Pasif) |
Can - Could (bisa/dapat) | The door can be opened. (Artinya: Pintunya dapat dibuka.) The window can’t be opened. (Artinya: Jendelanya tidak dapat dibuka.) This problem could not be fixed by us. (Artinya: Masalah ini tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh kita.) |
be able to (bisa/dapat) | Shania is able to be hired for Chemical Staff Department. (Artinya: Shania dapat dipekerjakan untuk bagian staf bahan kimia.) |
Will - Would (akan) | Tom will be invited to the party by Kim. (Artinya: Tom akan diundang ke pesta oleh Kim.) Mr. Lee told me that the schedule would not be canceled. (Artinya: Tuan Lee mengatakan kepada saya bahwa jadwalnya tidak akan dibatalkan.) |
May - Might (boleh/ mungkin) | The Cooking club may be joined by everyone. (Artinya: Klub memasak boleh diikuti oleh semua orang.) The machine might not be operated now. (Artinya: Mesin ini tidak boleh dioperasikan sekarang.) |
Must - Have to (harus/ pasti) | My homework must be finished as soon as possible. (Artinya: Pekerjaan rumah saya harus diselesaikan secepat mungkin.) This company has to be established before June. (Artinya: Perusahaan ini harus didirikan sebelum bulan Juni.) |
Should - Ought to (seharusnya) | That book should not be stolen by him. (Artinya: Buku itu tidak seharusnya dicuri oleh dia.) This Letter ought to be sent last week. (Artinya: Surat ini seharusnya dikirim minggu lalu.) |
be supposed to (seharusnya) | Fred is supposed to be told about the meeting. (Artinya: Fred seharusnya diberitahu tentang pertemuan atau rapat.) |
be going to (akan) | He is going to be fired from his position as soon as possible. (Artinya: Dia akan diberhentikan dari jabatannya secepatnya.) |
Contoh The Past Passive Voice (Bentuk Lampau Kalimat Pasif) Dengan Menggunakan Modal Auxiliaries
Modal Auxiliaries | The Past – Passive Form (Bentuk Lampau Kalimat Pasif) |
Should | The letter should have been sent last week. (Artinya: Suratnya seharusnya sudah dikirim minggu lalu.) |
Must | This house must have been built over 200 years ago. (Artinya: Rumah ini pasti sudah dibangun lebih dari 200 tahun yang lalu.) |
Ought to | Jack ought to have been invited to the party. (Artinya: Jack seharusnya sudah diundang ke pesta.) |